The wheel hub is the center section of the wheel that houses the bearing and axle. Hub width and bore size have to match the axle and yoke, which is why wheel replacements need to match the original hub spec, not just the tread material.
Hub material (steel, nylon, aluminum) affects wheel weight and cost independent of the tread — two wheels with identical polyurethane treads can have very different hubs underneath.
Replacing a wheel without replacing the whole caster — hub bore and width must match the existing axle and yoke.
Matching tread material without checking hub fit. The tread compound is only part of the spec — a wheel with the right rubber or polyurethane but the wrong hub bore simply won’t fit the axle.
Can I replace a wheel without replacing the whole caster?
Often yes, if the new wheel's hub bore and width match the existing axle and yoke.
Does hub material affect wheel capacity?
It can — a steel hub generally handles more load than a nylon one, even under the same tread material.